Introduction

Causes

Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is a common condition that causes pain along the outer part of the elbow. Despite the name, it often affects people who don’t play tennis. The pain is caused by overuse or repetitive strain of the forearm muscles, leading to small tears in the tendon that attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Tennis elbow typically results from repetitive wrist and arm motions—commonly seen in athletes, manual laborers, and people who spend extended time typing or gripping tools. Microscopic tendon damage builds up over time, leading to inflammation, degeneration, and pain.

Conservative (Non-Operative) Treatment(s)

​Initial treatment is non-surgical and includes rest, activity modification, anti-inflammatory medications, bracing, and physical therapy. Injections such as corticosteroids or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may also be offered. Notably, Level 1 studies have shown PRP and cortisone to have similar outcomes—though PRP may offer longer-lasting relief in some patients.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is considered a last resort, typically after six to twelve months of failed conservative care. Surgery involves removing the damaged portion of the tendon and stimulating healing in the area. Most patients do not require surgery and recover well with proper non-operative management.