Recognizing the Signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects millions of people, causing discomfort, numbness, and weakness in the hand and wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed or irritated. If left untreated, CTS can lead to long-term nerve damage and reduced hand function.
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Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome can help individuals recognize the condition early and seek appropriate medical care. At Atlanta Bone and Joint Specialists, we specialize in diagnosing and treating CTS with both non-surgical and surgical approaches, helping patients regain full hand function and quality of life.

Understanding Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

What Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

​Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by pressure on the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist that houses the median nerve and several tendons. When this tunnel becomes swollen or compressed, it can put pressure on the nerve, leading to the symptoms associated with CTS.

What Causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Several factors can contribute to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome, including:

• Repetitive hand movements – Activities that involve repetitive motion of the hands and wrists, such as typing, assembly line work, or playing musical instruments, can contribute to CTS.
• Medical conditions – Certain conditions, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism, can increase the risk of CTS due to inflammation or fluid retention.
• Pregnancy – Hormonal changes and fluid retention during pregnancy can cause swelling that puts pressure on the median nerve.
• Wrist injuries – Fractures, sprains, or other injuries to the wrist can alter the structure of the carpal tunnel, leading to nerve compression.
• Genetics – Some individuals may have a naturally smaller carpal tunnel, making them more susceptible to developing CTS.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Early Warning Signs

​Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms often develop gradually and may initially be mistaken for temporary hand fatigue or strain. Some of the most common early symptoms include:

• Tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, often described as a "pins and needles" sensation.
• Pain or discomfort in the wrist and palm, which may radiate up the forearm.
• Symptoms that worsen at night, often waking individuals from sleep.
• A feeling of swelling in the fingers, even if no visible swelling is present.

Progression of Symptoms

As CTS worsens, symptoms may become more frequent and severe, making everyday tasks difficult. Advanced symptoms include:

• Weakness in the hand and fingers, leading to difficulty gripping objects.
• Increased pain and stiffness, particularly in the morning or after long periods of hand use.
• Difficulty performing fine motor tasks, such as buttoning clothes, writing, or using small objects.
• Muscle atrophy at the base of the thumb in severe cases.

Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

When To Seek Medical Attention

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing permanent nerve damage. You should see a doctor if:

• Symptoms persist for more than a few weeks.
• Pain and numbness interfere with daily activities or sleep.
• Home treatments, such as wrist splints and rest, do not provide relief.

How Atlanta Bone and Joint Specialists Diagnose CTS

At Atlanta Bone and Joint Specialists, our physicians use a variety of diagnostic tools to assess CTS, which could include:

• Physical examination – Tests such as Tinel’s test (tapping on the median nerve) and Phalen’s test (pressing the backs of the hands together) help assess nerve function.
• Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies – These tests measure how well the median nerve transmits signals and can confirm the presence of CTS.
• Imaging tests – Ultrasound or MRI scans may be used in complex cases to examine the structures within the wrist.

Treatment Options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Non-Surgical Treatments

For mild to moderate CTS, non-surgical treatments are often the first line of defense. These may include:

• Wrist splints – Wearing a splint at night can help keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve.
• Anti-inflammatory medications – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help relieve pain and swelling.
• Corticosteroid injections – Steroid injections into the carpal tunnel can provide temporary relief by reducing inflammation.
• Physical therapy and hand exercises – Strengthening the wrist and hand muscles can improve flexibility and reduce pressure on the nerve.
• Lifestyle modifications – Adjusting workstations, using ergonomic keyboards, and taking frequent breaks from repetitive hand movements can help reduce symptoms.

Surgical Treatments

If CTS symptoms persist despite conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the median nerve.

• When is surgery necessary? Surgery is recommended when:
  • Symptoms are severe or long-lasting.
  • Non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief.
  • There is evidence of nerve damage or muscle weakness.

Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

At Atlanta Bone and Joint Specialists, our surgeons perform carpal tunnel release surgery, a procedure that involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament to create more space for the median nerve. This can be done using two approaches:

• Open carpal tunnel release – A small incision is made in the palm to access and release the ligament.
• Endoscopic carpal tunnel release – A minimally invasive approach that uses a tiny camera and specialized instruments to perform the procedure through a smaller incision.

Recovery and Post-Surgical Care

Most patients experience significant symptom relief after surgery. Recovery time varies, but patients can generally:

• ​Resume light activities within a few weeks.
• Regain full hand function within several months with proper rehabilitation.
• Benefit from physical therapy to restore strength and mobility.

Protecting Your Hands From Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Workplace and Ergonomic Adjustments

• Position keyboards and mice properly to minimize wrist strain.
• Use wrist supports and take breaks from repetitive tasks.
• Adjust desk height and chair position to maintain a neutral wrist posture.

Lifestyle Changes

• Manage underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or arthritis.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce nerve compression risks.
• Practice hand and wrist stretches to keep the median nerve flexible.

Seek Relief From Carpal Tunnel Syndrome With Atlanta Bone and Joint Specialists

Recognizing the early signs of carpal tunnel syndrome is crucial for preventing long-term complications. If you are experiencing persistent numbness, tingling, or weakness in your hands, seeking medical attention early can help you avoid permanent nerve damage.
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At Atlanta Bone and Joint Specialists, we offer expert diagnosis and comprehensive treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome, from non-invasive therapies to advanced surgical procedures. If you are struggling with hand and wrist discomfort, schedule a consultation with our team today to explore your treatment options and regain pain-free function.